The Marvelous Land of Oz, which was published in 1904, followed suit and entered public domain in 1960.Īll of Baum's subsequent Oz books, published between 19, had their copyright extended by subsequent laws. Hill Company and later by the Bobbs-Merrill Company after Hill went bankrupt.
This allowed Reilly & Lee, the publisher of all the other Oz books (as well as Baum's other books) to issue their own edition of The Wizard of Oz, which had previously been published by George M. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz was published in 1900, and was the first to enter the public domain in 1956.
Frank Baum Trust renewed the copyright on all of Baum's Oz novels. However, the Copyright Act of 1909 retroactively affected Baum's books, allowing a 28-year renewal for fifty-six total years of copyright protection. Frank Baum began publishing the Oz books, the copyright law in effect was the Copyright Act of 1831, which provided a 28-year term with a possible fourteen more years upon renewal of the copyright. Barring another extension of copyright terms, all of the Famous Forty will be in the public domain by 2059. Starting in 2019, an Oz book has entered the public domain every year. As of 2023, twenty-eight Oz books and five films are in the public domain. The copyright law of the United States has changed many times, and impacted Oz works every time. There have also been multiple adaptations across many different media, which enjoy different kinds of copyright protection. The book series is very long-running, and written by multiple authors, so the books often fall on opposite sides of eligibility for copyright laws. The copyright status of The Wizard of Oz and related works in the United States is complicated for several reasons.
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